Django 入门之安装

发布于 作者:

Django makes it easier to build better web apps more quickly and with less code.

1. What Python version can I use with Django?

Django version Python versions
3.2 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10 (added in 3.2.9)
4.0 3.8, 3.9, 3.10
4.1 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11 (added in 4.1.3)
4.2 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11

2. Get the latest official version

pip install Django==4.2.3

3. Creating a project

django-admin startproject mysite
mysite/
    manage.py
    mysite/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        asgi.py
        wsgi.py

These files are:

  • The outer mysite/ root directory is a container for your project. Its name doesn’t matter to Django; you can rename it to anything you like.
  • manage.py: A command-line utility that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways. You can read all the details about manage.py in django-admin and manage.py.
  • The inner mysite/ directory is the actual Python package for your project. Its name is the Python package name you’ll need to use to import anything inside it (e.g. mysite.urls).
  • mysite/init.py: An empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package. If you’re a Python beginner, read more about packages in the official Python docs.
  • mysite/settings.py: Settings/configuration for this Django project. Django settings will tell you all about how settings work.
  • mysite/urls.py: The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django-powered site. You can read more about URLs in URL dispatcher.
  • mysite/asgi.py: An entry-point for ASGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with ASGI for more details.
  • mysite/wsgi.py: An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with WSGI for more details.

4. The development server

$ python manage.py runserver

问题

  1. 安装失败 
    pip install Django==4.2.3
Collecting Django==4.2.3
Downloading Django-4.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (8.0 MB)
 ----------------------------- ---------- 5.9/8.0 MB 3.5 kB/s eta 0:09:42
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
yield
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 561, in read
data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 527, in _fp_read
return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 90, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\http\client.py", line 465, in read
s = self.fp.read(amt)
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\socket.py", line 705, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 1274, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
File "E:\software\Python\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 1130, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
TimeoutError: The read operation timed out

    解决方案：
    增加国内镜像源即可安装成功

    pip install Django==4.2.3 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting Django==4.2.3
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d4/83/227ebf197e413f3599cea96dddc7d6b8ff220310cc5b40dd0f1a15e5a9d1/Django-4.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (8.0 MB)
 ---------------------------------------- 8.0/8.0 MB 22.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.6.0 (from Django==4.2.3)
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9b/80/b9051a4a07ad231558fcd8ffc89232711b4e618c15cb7a392a17384bbeef/asgiref-3.7.2-py3-none-any.whl (24 kB)
Collecting sqlparse>=0.3.1 (from Django==4.2.3)
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/98/5a/66d7c9305baa9f11857f247d4ba761402cea75db6058ff850ed7128957b7/sqlparse-0.4.4-py3-none-any.whl (41 kB)
 ---------------------------------------- 41.2/41.2 kB ? eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: tzdata in e:\software\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from Django==4.2.3) (2023.3)
Collecting typing-extensions>=4 (from asgiref<4,>=3.6.0->Django==4.2.3)
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ec/6b/63cc3df74987c36fe26157ee12e09e8f9db4de771e0f3404263117e75b95/typing_extensions-4.7.1-py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
Installing collected packages: typing-extensions, sqlparse, asgiref, Django
Successfully installed Django-4.2.3 asgiref-3.7.2 sqlparse-0.4.4 typing-extensions-4.7.1